NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG XÉT NGHIỆM HOÁ MIỄN DỊCH TÌM MÁU ẨN TRONG PHÂN PHÁT HIỆN SỚM TỔN THƯƠNG ỐNG TIÊU HOÁ Ở NGƯỜI TỪ 40 TUỔI

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate selected causes of positive fecal occult blood test results among residents in five northern provinces of Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical components was conducted on 296 patients with positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy in five provinces (Ha Noi, Hung Yen, Ninh Binh, Phu Tho, and Thanh Hoa) from May 2021 to December 2023. Results: Gastric and duodenal ulcer lesions were identified in 8 patients (2.7%), while the remaining 97.3% had gastritis and duodenitis. A significant difference in lesion detection was observed between sexes (p < 0.001). Colorectal polyps were detected in 127 patients (42.9%), and one patient was diagnosed with colitis (0.3%). Histopathological examination revealed 15 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions. The detection rate of colorectal cancer among FIT - positive individuals who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy was 5.1%. Conclusion: Among individuals with positive FIT results, colorectal polyps were detected in 42.9% and colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions in 5.1%. The combination of FIT and gastrointestinal endoscopy is effective for the early detection of colorectal lesions in the community.