NHỮNG ĐIỂM TƯƠNG ĐỒNG VÀ KHÁC BIỆT TRONG BIỂU HIỆN LÂM SÀNG, XÉT NGHIỆM CỦA U LYMPHO TẾ BÀO B LỚN VÀ U LYMPHO HODGKIN THỂ CỔ ĐIỂN NGUYÊN PHÁT TRUNG THẤT

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics between patientswith primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and those with primary mediastinal classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and comparative study was conducted on 20 patients diagnosed with PMBCL and 11 patients with primary mediastinal CHL at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion between 2020 and 2025. Results: The PMBCL group was more frequently observed in young female patients. The incidences of pleural and pericardial effusions, bulky disease (> 10cm), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were higher in the PMBCL group compared with the CHL group. Histopathologically, PMBCL was characterized by diffuse proliferation of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm, whereas CHL typically exhibited a prominent inflammatory background with the presence of Reed-Sternberg (RS) or RS-like cells. Immunohistochemical expression profiles also provided significant diagnostic value in differentiating PMBCL from CHL. Conclusion: Although PMBCL and primary mediastinal CHL share overlapping features, distinct clinical and laboratory characteristics may aid in their differential diagnosis.