NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, MÔ BỆNH HỌC VÀ Ý NGHĨA CỦA CHỤP PHÂN TÍCH DA TRONG UNG THƯ TẾ BÀO HẮC TỐ THỂ ĐẦU CỰC TẠI BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics and evaluate the significance of dermoscopic imaging of primary lesions in acral melanoma (AM). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 36 AM patients at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (Vietnam), from January 2022 to January 2026. Results: The mean age was 62.1 ± 13.3; females accounted for 55.6%. All tumors presented on the lower extremities (mainly the sole and heel). Breslow thickness > 1.0mm was observed in 77.8% of cases, mainly in stages I (38.9%) and II (58.3%). Dermoscopically, 100% exhibited structural and coulor asymmetry. The parallel ridge pattern (PRP) occurred in 58.3%, decreasing significantly in deep tumor invasion (Breslow > 4.0mm; p < 0.05). Conversely, a multicomponent pattern, blue-white veil, ulceration, and vascular abnormalities were positively correlated with Breslow thickness (p < 0.05). All patients (100%) had a BRAAFF score ≥ 1. Conclusion: Dermoscopy is valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of AM. While PRP is a hallmark of early-stage AM, multicomponent patterns and vascular abnormalities are strong indicators of deep tumor invasion.