ĐẶC ĐIỂM NHIỄM, YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN VÀ THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI CANDIDA GÂY VIÊM ÂM ĐẠO TẠI HÀ NỘI

Abstract

Objectives: To describe characteristics, associated factors, and species composition of Candida among women with vulvovaginitis in Hanoi. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive, analytical study was conducted on 1,402 women of reproductive age (18 - 49 years) attending some hospitals in Hanoi during two study periods (October 2019 to September 2021 and December 2023 to October 2025). Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Vaginal specimens were obtained for fungal detection and species identification by direct microscopy, germ tube test and culture on CHROMagar™ Candida. Results: The overall prevalence of vaginal Candida infection was 48.24%. Significant associated factors included pregnancy (OR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.73) and oral sexual practices (OR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.04 - 1.69). Clinical features associated with infection included abnormal vaginal discharge, particularly thick, white, curd-like discharge, accompanied by pruritus and a burning sensation. C. albicans was the predominant species (50.59%), followed by C. glabrata (11.09%), C. krusei (4.88%), and C. tropicalis (3.40%). Conclusion: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is highly prevalent among women of reproductive age and is associated with several risk factors. Diagnosis should integrate clinical findings with microbiological testing, with attention to non-albicans Candida species in treatment.