DISTRIBUTION OF MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CO-INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
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Abstract
Objectives: To determine the distribution of microbial etiology and factors associated with co-infection in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 91 patients with severe CAP treated at Can Tho Central General Hospital from December 2024 to January 2026. Microbial pathogens were identified using multiplex real-time PCR. Results: Males accounted for 61.5% of patients, with a mean age of 72 ± 12.3 years and a median Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (17.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently detected bacterium (19.5%), while Influenza A virus predominated among viruses (53.8%). The overall co-infection rate was 53.9%, mainly bacterial - bacterial (33%), followed by bacterial - viral (19.8%) and viral - viral (1.1%). Multivariable regression analysis showed that a history of cerebrovascular disease increased the risk of co-infection by 4.1 times (OR = 4.1; 95%CI: 1.02 - 16.49; p = 0.046), and a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 increased the risk by 3.47 times (OR = 3.47; 95%CI: 1.1 - 10.95; p = 0.034). Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Influenza A virus were the predominant pathogens. Co-infection was common in patients with severe CAP. A history of cerebrovascular disease and a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 were independent risk factors for co-infection.
Keywords
Severe community-acquired pneumonia, Multiplex real-time PCR, Co-infection
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References
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