ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ HỌC LÂM SÀNG VÀ VI KHUẨN HỌC CỦA NHIỄM KHUẨN ĐƯỜNG TIẾT NIỆU Ở TRẺ EM 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 15 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI HẢI PHÒNG

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical epidemiological characteristics, bacteriology, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 202 pediatric patients aged 2 months to 15 years at Hai Phong Pediatric Hospital. Results: The most affected age group was 2 - 24 months: 85/202 (42.1%). Female patients predominated, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.5. Clinical manifestations included fever in 152 cases (75.2%), urinary frequency in 48 (23.8%), dysuria in 38 (18.8%), and cloudy urine in 21 (10.4%). Phimosis in male patients was observed in 16/81 (19.8%). Urinalysis revealed leukocyturia in 100%, positive nitrite in 48 (23.8%), and proteinuria in 112 (55.4%). Positive urine cultures were obtained in 79/202 (39.1%). Identified pathogens included Escherichia coli (E.coli) in 60 (75.9%), Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) in 11 (13.9%), Proteus mirabilis (P.mirabilis) in 3 (3.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) in 2 (2.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) in 2 (2.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) in 1 (1.3%). E.coli exhibited high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, and cotrimoxazole, but remained susceptible to aminoglycosides and carbapenems. Conclusion: UTIs are a common disease, particularly in children aged 2 - 24 months, with a higher prevalence in females. Fever was the most frequent clinical manifestation. All patients exhibited leukocyturia. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens, especially E.coli. Other detected organisms included E.faecalis, P.mirabilis, K.pneumoniae, S.epidermidis, and P.aeruginosa.