ĐẶC ĐIỂM YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ GÃY XƯƠNG THEO MÔ HÌNH FRAX Ở BỆNH NHÂN LOÃNG XƯƠNG CÓ ĐIỀU TRỊ ZOLEDRONIC ACID TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA QUỐC TẾ HẢI PHÒNG

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of fracture risk factors based on the FRAX model in patients with osteoporosis who have received or are currently receiving Zoledronic acid (ZOL). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 265 patients aged ≥ 50 years who were diagnosed with osteoporosis according to the WHO 1994 criteria and had received at least one dose of ZOL treatment at Hai Phong International General Hospital from January 2024 to June 2025. Clinical data and bone mineral density (BMD) indices were collected to calculate FRAX scores using the model for Asian populations. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The mean age was 66.3 ± 12.8 years. The mean T-score at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were -3.62 ± 1.4 and -2.82 ± 1.3, respectively. The mean FRAX score for major osteoporotic fractures was 17.90 ± 3.64%, with 21.6% of patients classified as high risk (≥ 20%). The mean FRAX score for hip fracture was 5.68 ± 0.85%, with 10.9% of patients at high risk (≥ 3%). Three statistically significant risk factors associated with femoral neck osteoporosis were: BMI < 18.5 (OR = 3.71; p < 0.05), prior fracture history (OR = 4.62; p < 0.001), and prolonged corticosteroid use (OR = 3.43; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The FRAX model enables identification of a high fracture risk even in patients whose T-scores have not yet reached the osteoporotic threshold. Therefore, it is valuable for risk assessment and for monitoring treatment effectiveness in osteoporosis patients treated with ZOL.